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Saved by 李韻如
on June 7, 2012 at 11:03:04 pm
 

16.(6/8) 經濟模式

 


 

指定書目:Judith Brown and Rosemary Foot, Migration: The Asian Experience. (MicMillan Press, 1994)

推薦閱讀:Yoko Sellek, “Illegal Foreign Migrant Workers in Japan: Change and Challenge”

 

本週版主:


由負責報告組別全體擔任版主,並選出一人做為
輪值主席

 

書目整理:


請整理相關議題的各種書目,包括課堂講
義及同學提供的材料,及自行找尋的參考資料

 

上課筆記:


上課內容與討論 Lecture and Discussion
由負責報告組別整理上課筆記,大家補充。

 

課前準備 Before class


在上課前撰寫課堂講義之摘要及心得,
負責報告組別要準備回答問題。

 

彥廷翻譯:

Illegal Foreign Migrant Workers in Japan: Change and challenge in Japanese Society

日本非法外國移工:日本社會的轉變與挑戰

 

The movement of people is considered to be one of the structural characteristics of the world economy.

人口流動被認為是世界經濟的結構特徵之一。

 

Capitalist development has always been dependent on the migration of labour both within and across national boundaries.

資本主義的發展始終依賴內部和跨國界的勞動力遷移。

 

In the context of North-South relations, the industries and transnational enterprises from the highly developed countries of the 'north' expand into the developing countries in the 'south' through direct foreign investment and international subcontracting.

在北-南關係的脈絡下,工業和跨國企業通過外國直接投資和國際轉包,從“北方”高度發達國家擴大到“南方”發展中國家。

 

Existing industries in the 'south', particularly export-oriented agriculture, manufacturing, and component assembly industries, require a large supply of low-wage workers, and mobilize large numbers of people into wage labour. 

現有的「南方」工業,尤其是出口導向型農業、製造業、零件裝配業,需要大量低工資工人,並動員大量人力成為雇傭勞工。

 

As a result of labour recruitment, the mobilization of new workers including women into the labour force becomes significant, in turn disrupting tranditional work structures. 

勞工招募的結果,顯然婦女也成為新的勞動力,反過來打亂了傳統工業結構。

 

As a result, tranditional industries have declined gradually, rural populations have been uprooted and an urban pool of wage labourers and potential migrants has been created.

因此傳統產業已經走下坡,農村居民被連根拔起,而城市中的工資階級和潛在的移民已經建立起來了。

 

As a result of labour recruitment, the mobilization of new workers including women into the labour force becomes significant, in turn disrupting tranditional work structures. 

勞工招募的結果,顯然婦女也成為新的勞動力,反過來打亂了傳統工業結構。

 

As a result, tranditional industries have declined gradually, rural populations have been uprooted and an urban pool of wage labourers and potential migrants has been created.

因此傳統產業已經走下坡,農村居民被連根拔起,而城市中的工資階級和潛在的移民已經建立起來了。

 

Simultaneously, a foreign presence dominates the new industrial zones objectively and culturally, creating linkages to the countries from which the capital originates. 

同時,外國的存在在客觀上和文化上主導了新工業區,建立了資本來源和這些新工業國家的聯繫。

 

The social history of industrialization in Japan is no exception to this trend, and the recent movement of illegal migrant workers, involving migrations from the peripheral and semi-peripheral dependencies of Asia to the Japanese centre, reflects not only Japan's regional economy hegemony, but a structural characteristic of the world capitalist economy.

日本工業化社會的歷史也不能自外於這個趨勢。[最近的非法移工移動,包括亞洲外圍與半外圍區域到日本中心的移民],不僅反映了日本的區域性經濟霸權,也反映了世界資本主義經濟的結構性特徵。

 

This chapter describes the current state of foreign illegal migrant workers in Japan and discusses the reasons why the country has been unable to avoid an influx of such workers. 

這一章介紹日本外國非法移工的當前狀態,並討論為什麼這個國家已經無法避免這些工人湧入。

 

In further describes the ongoing metamorphosis in Japanese society from what has commonly been regarded as a 'homogeneous society' in to a heterogeneous, or plural society.

進一步說明日本從普遍認為的同質性社會到一個多元或複雜的社會,當中持續性的變化。

 

In historical terms, Japan has experienced streams of immigrants and emigrants for a very long time. 

從歷史上看,日本經歷了很長一段時間的移入和移出潮流。

 

Although the problem of illegal migrant workers only became serious from the mid-1980s onwards, previously Japan had been one of the major 'exporters' of migrants in Asia.

即使非法移工的問題只在一九八零年代中期嚴重起來,日本早已成為亞洲地區主要的移民「出口商」。

 

The total number of Japanese emigrants between 1868 and 1945 was approximately 780 000, excluding those leaving the area of China and Korea that were Japanese colonies during parts of this period and by 1991, the number of Japanese currently living abroad had reached approximately 260 000.

1868 到 1945 年之間日本移民總人數約為七十八萬,不包括那些居住在當時中國和韓國的日本殖民地的人。而到了1991年,居住在國外的日本人已達到約[二十六萬](疑為兩百六十萬之誤)。

 

The number of Japanese descendants abroad, including those in second and third generations, is estimated to be approximately 1 400 000.

國外的日本後裔,包括那些第二代和第三代,估計約一百四十萬。

 

Japan has also accepted immigrants. Nearly 700 000 South and North Korean permanent residents are a legacy of the massive migration of Koreans to Japan between 1910 and 1945, and include people who were conscripted for work as replacement labour for the mining and construction industries.

日本也接受移民。將近七十萬南北韓永久居民是 1910 到 1945 年之間韓國向日本大規模移民所遺留下來的,包含了被徵召為採礦與建築業替代勞工的人。

 

韻如閱讀:

 

日本的非法外籍移工

 

日本工業化如同大部分在資本主義的國家規則一樣,北方(以工業化開發)的國家

需要從南方輸入較便宜的勞工進入本國,包括女性勞工在內,從南方國家,

從事農業、製造業、內容組裝工業等需要勞力之行業,帶動進入了世界性的勞工市場,

從以日本為中心的鄰近國,到日本的非法移工,為一個全球資本經濟的結構性特徵。

同時日本如何由同質的社會轉型為異質或複數多元的社會。

歷史上,日本是顯著的移民移出國,同時也曾接收來自南北韓的移民(1910-1945)

接收在本國沒有的技術人力到日本,1980中期以來,而並不是從是那些所需技術行業的勞力,

所謂非技術的非法移民,成為日本移工問題討伐之對象,他們擔心會有如同西方國家類似的無技術unskilled移民所引發的問題。

1970年代由其他亞洲國家引進女性從事SEX TOUR,來自智利、菲律賓、泰國、台灣。

非法移工的數量與來源之趨勢分析:table8.1

大多數非法移工來自亞洲其他發展中國家,大多數女性來自菲律賓泰國,1988後韓國與馬來西亞大量增加

 

1980年代中期非法移工明顯增加的解釋

-經濟誘因:經濟發展的差距:各國家勞工供需不均所造成的誘因

-反應:

  1. 日本政府對移民法之調整
  2. 外國實習生
  3.  

-造成侵害人權的現象

 

-日本社會現象:

1.日本男性與移工女性通婚

2.外國與通婚小孩的語言問題

3.日本民族性:對外來人的歧視問題

4.對愛滋病的恐懼

5.新納粹團體,激進希望把非法外族趕出日本

 

 

 

課後分享 After class


在上課後提出你的心得及想法,研究規劃,
如果有相關資料分享,請提原件或連結。

 

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